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Indian Nation congress (INC) in its initial high profile character was never able to reach the masses. It prior to Gandhiji was an organisation mainly working for the interests of the capitalists. INC relied mostly on constitution reforms. It was supported by most industrialists as it was basically working for their ends. But this approach itself had many demerits accompanying it. Common man who was busy in fulfilling his subsistence needs was far from empathizing with such high-sounding measures. It was the impact of Gandhiji which brought INC closer to the masses. Under the leadership of Gandhiji poor as well as women joined the movement in large number. It is said that Gandhiji feminized the whole movement because simple but powerful tool of ‘satyagrah’ did not demand much knowledge of legislature, it did not expect the masses to take up open armed rebellion against the state, neither did it required individual heroic acts of outstanding nationalists like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad. Gandhiji believed in simplicity and that reflected in his approach. He brought the movement closer to the heart of the people. Subjective perception of the objective reality (India was enslaved) engulfed the whole of India. Even during the periods of stagnation Gandhiji worked towards cadre strengthening of congress and nation building activities.
Thus the measures adopted by Gandhiji were largely endogenous in nature and wanted to change the society from within. The process was slow but brought about consciousness and homogeneity in the national struggle. After independence India under Jawaharlal Nehru deviated from Gandhian values and took up the westernized model of growth where capitalism was practiced under the name of socialism. Nehru was a true nationalist no doubt, but his elite background had made his policies ill-suited for India of those days and largely ignored the majority. His policies of rapid economic development without an inclusive model of growth made the development process haphazard, the price of which we are still facing in the form of vast socio-economic divide and red-corridor movement of the Maoists. More than 70 % of India lived in the villages but Nehru neglected the development of villages. Apart from the First five year plan which focused mainly on agriculture( but did not achieve much in that due to lack of land reforms) all other plans targeted on a lopsided industrial growth. India needed sustainable growth along with carrying forward the nationalist feelings which promoted integrity and emphasized national-interest above self-interest. But due to the exogenous model Indian national movement lost momentum and was replace by individualism, nepotism and corruption. Had India continued with Gandhian policies of nation building, then although the time taken could have been longer but ultimately we would have achieved much more stable and inclusive growth than we experience today. “Slow and steady wins the race” and this Nehru ignored in his policies.
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  written by Administrator, September 08, 2010
I beg to differ with the following points.
Nehru's policies were not capitalist, they were socialist by any measure. He relied on the investment by the state to build factories, dams, research labs, educational institutes which he often referred as temples of modern India. Many of those factories stand as PSU biggies today. After Independence, India was in bad condition financially, its fragile democracy, the nation had to fight 3-4 wars. The agriculture was stagnant because of old farming methods, less productivity, lack of irrigation facilities, availability of power and easy credit facilities. I don't see Gandhian policies producing extraordinary results than his successors but then I am also not the one to comment in what way Gandhian policies would have directed India. I can assume that Gandhian policies may have given inclusive growth but the pace would have remained slow.
written by Raja, September 08, 2010
@administrator
Nehru took the middle path of 'Mixed economy' which was neither socialist neither capitalist in nature. What i meant was that Nehru's policy of large scale intervention and land reforms failed to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor as a socialist path should have led to. His regime in fact increased the gap between rich and poor due to haphazard development in which either the status-quo was maintained or if it favored some then those were the big landlords or capitalists. Thus in reality what happened was the polarization of classes and pauperization of majority and the state which came under huge public debt.
 written by krishna sharma, May 24, 2011
If you look at what happened in 1947 you will understand the reality of each person. Instead of making Nehru PM mahathma himself must have taken that task. In politics no nationalism is there. only politics, which cause india to split, caused death and losses to thousands men women and children, which is still causing problem to indians, preventing progress of the country. even after several years we are suffering. All are nothing bout Wolf wearing got skin. try to understand the motives behind each decisions. the explanations given in 2G scam was holding good till you find other way. So indians think what is the motive behind each persons in history. who is the real nationalist.
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