With the entry of the Multi National Companies like Wal Mart, Adidas, McDonalds, General Electrics, Carrefour the retail market has started growing faster and along with it has been able to generate more employment among the youth. The more the investment, the more is the growth of the retail sector and more is the employment opportunity. With the introduction of retail sector the concept of floor management, event management, hospitality management, logistic management, visual merchandising, warehouse management and many others have come up. Increasing number of graduates opt for a foothold in the retail sector through different management programs and the institutions are including new courses in their curriculum to train people for such professions. The whole thing works like a well oiled machine.
Are Laws with penal consequences susceptible to retrospective application ?…the answer is in negative for reasons more than one, the essentiality of a right of protection from laws with retrospective application is accepted without argument, in light of well established judicially professed maxim “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali” which when translated means ‘No crime, no punishment without a previous penal law” a principle devised & appearing first, way back in 1789 and widely accepted by civilized jurisdictions around the world, recognizing that – making an act, a crime retrospectively after it is done is prime facie of questionable policy and contrary to the general principle that legislation by which the conduct of mankind is to be regulated ought…. to deal with future acts and ought not to change the character of past transactions carried on upon the faith of the then existing law…” and furthermore the history is devoid of any justification for the same, & the same bears testimony to the fact that whenever force has been given to such laws, it has resulted in gross miscarriage of justice.
The word ‘Litigation’ in common parlance is used to refer to a controversy before a law court or simply put a ‘lawsuit’, but with the total pendency at last count exceeding 30 million cases, in a country characterized by grave economic conditions like ours it has become a luxury which few can afford.
The law of adultery as it stands in India punishes only man, and assumes that in all cases ‘man is the seducer’ and the women, who is an equal participant is viewed as a victim. There have been numerous debates about the discriminatory stance of the provision, The insistence of the National commission for women and the report of the Madhav Menon committee & the 42nd Report of the Law Commission of India, have breathed a new lease of life in the dying controversy. The law relating to adultery as existing in the Indian penal code under section 497 has been criticized ever since it’s commencement. Its validity both on the constitutional grounds as well as philosophical grounds has been challenged time and again. But the law still stands as it is.
For centuries, rural India has suffered a cycle of poverty, disempowerment and exploitation, mostly at the hands of the 3Bs – Brahmins, Banias and Babus. The FDI liberalization for the Retail sector bought many foreign companies to invest in Indian retail sector. The foreign MNC’s enter India with partnerships with home grown biggies like Reliance Industries, the Bharti group and Future Group. Billions are being invested in setting up massive retail chains to cold storage to warehouses to procure fresh farm produce from local farmers.
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